BIBLIOGUÍAS
La pregunta ha de ser:
La parte más crítica de una revisión sistemática (RS) es plantear la pregunta correcta. Aunque la RS se haya hecho de manera metodológicamente correcta, si la pregunta planteada no es relevante para para los pacientes o los proveedores, la RS no tendrá utilidad 1.
En la formulación de la pregunta hay que tener en cuenta la perspectiva (individual o poblacional), el contexto, tipo de pregunta (diagnóstico, pronóstico, eficacia…), formato de pregunta (PICO, PICOS...) y el diseño del estudio de elección 1.
Hay descritas 38 tipos de preguntas estructuradas 2. Las más utilizadas en ciencias de la salud son: PICO, PICOS, SPICE y SPIDER. El uso de estas preguntas ayuda a identificar los términos que hemos de utilizar en la estrategia de búsqueda.
| PREGUNTA | ELEMENTOS |
| 3WH | Who, What, When, How (study conducted) |
| BeHEMoTh | Behaviour, Health context, Exclusions, Models or Theories |
| CHIP | Context, How (study conducted), Issues, People |
| CIMO | Context, Interventions, Mechanisms, Outcomes |
| CoCoPop | Condition, Context, Population |
| CPTM | Construct of interest or the name of the measurement instrument(s), Population, Type of measurement instrument, Measurement properties |
| ECLIPSe | Expectations (improvement, innovation or information), Client group (recipients of service), Location (where service is housed), Impact (change in service and how measured), Professionals involved, Service |
| EPICOT | Evidence, Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Timestamp |
| MIP | Methodology, Issues, Participants |
| PCC | Population, Concept, Context |
| PECO | Patient/Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcomes |
| PECODR | Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome, Duration, Results |
| PEICO(S) | Person, Environment, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, (Stakeholders) |
| PEO | Population and their problems, Exposure, Outcomes or Themes |
| PESICO | Person, Environment, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, (Stakeholders) |
| PFO | Population, Prognostic factors (or models of interest), Outcome |
| PICO | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes |
| PICo | Population, phenomenon of Interest, Context |
| PICo | Population Intervention or Phenomena of Interest, Context |
| PICOC | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Context |
| PICOCPRRST | Population or problem, Intervention or exposure, Comparison, Outcome Context or environment or setting, Professionals, Results, Research -incorporating type of question and type of study design, Stakeholder or perspective or potential users, Timeframe or duration |
| PICOS | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study Type |
| PICOT | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Timeframe |
| PICOT-D | Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time, Digital-data |
| PICOt | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, timing |
| PICOT | Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, Timeframe |
| PICOTS | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Timing, Setting |
| PICOTT | Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Type of question, Type of Study Design |
| PIE | Patient, Intervention/Interest, Evaluation |
| PIPOH | Population (receiving intervention), Intervention, Professionals (delivering intervention), Outcome, Health setting (in which Guideline is to be implemented) |
| PIPOS | Population (receiving intervention), Intervention, Professionals (delivering intervention), Outcome, Setting (in which Guidance is to be implemented) |
| PIRD | Population, Index Test, Reference Test, Diagnosis of Interest |
| PO | Population/Phenomena, Outcome |
| PS | Population Situation |
| ProPheT | Problem, Phenomenon of interest, Timing |
| SDMO | Types of Studies, Types of Data, Types of Methods, Outcomes |
| SPICE | Setting, Perspectuve (Intervention/Interest of Phenomenon), Comparison, Evaluation |
| SPIDER | Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type |
1. Umscheid CA. A Primer on Performing Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;57(5):725–34.
2. Booth A, Noyes J, Flemming K, Moore G, Tunçalp Ö, Shakibazadeh E. Formulating questions to explore complex interventions within qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Glob Heal. 2019;4(Suppl 1):e001107.